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1898
- 1908 |
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This
was the age of Modern Media
characterized by the Introduction
of new newspapers in 1898,
film in 1904, and radio broadcasting
in 1922. Folk Media in the
form of zarzuela and the use
of talinghaga or symbolism
also marked the era.
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The American Soldier and the Soldier's
Letter were the first English-language
newspapers in the Philippines,
published by enlisted men of the
18th Minnesota Volunteers in the
U.S. Army during the Philippine-American
War of 1898. It advertised the
imported products of one "Mayor
Brown" the newspaper publication.
(Source:
Carmen Nakpil's article, "The
first English -language papers
in Manila" p. 8, printed
in Archipelago, 1978, Volume 5) |
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Manila Times founded by an Englishman,
Thomas Cowan, came out on October
11, 1898. It closed after 32
years but later reopened with
new owners.
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Official Gazette (1898) was established
by the U.S. civil government in
Manila to counteract the "free-swinging
and often licentiuos American
newspapers."
(Source: Nakpil, above) ·
The American, the second English
language daily was published by
Franklyn Brooks, a New York Journalist,
on October 15, 1898. |
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El Nuevo Dia (The New Day) was
published in 1900 by Sergio Osmeña,
Rafael Palma and Jaime C. de Veyra. |
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Manila Bulletin, oldest continuously
existing newspaper in the country,
started as a shipping journal
in 1900. Its owner, publisher
and editor was Carson Taylor,
an American.
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In 1904, the first movies appeared;
two silent movies
were about Jose Rizal. |
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Philippine Free Press was
founded by Judge W.A. Kincaid
in 1906. It was to become at the
time the most influential English-language
weekly in the history of Philippine
journalism. (Please link to picture
of Philippine Free Press) |
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Sakdal, a Tagalog newspaper was
founded by Benigno Ramos in 1908;
it was probably inspired by Zola's
novel, J' Acse (I Accuse) and
was an instant hit with the masses.
(Please link to picture of Benigno
Ramos-but crop to show Ramos only
and add caption: Benigno Ramos,
founder of Sakdal) |
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1910
- 1925
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In 1912, Manila
Bulletin expanded to include
news of general interest and
remained as a mouthpiece of
the Americans even after 1946
under Taylor. It has since
become Bulletin Today owned
by Hans Menzi.
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The Manila
Carnival became part of the
Metropolitan life of the 1900's.
"It was an attempt to bridge
the gap created by wartime animosity
among Spanish, American, and
Filipino residents. The carnival
helped start the year right..."
The climax of the carnival was
the coronation of the carnival
queen. The ballots, which served
as points for winning as Carnival
queen were printed in newspapers
and in leading magazines, like
the Graphic and Philippine Free
Press.
(Source:
Filipino heritage, Volume 9,
p.2494) |
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In 1919,
the University of the
Philippines offered
formal degree in journalism/communication
courses in country and
Asia.
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In 1920, Manuel L.
Quezon established
the Philippines
Herald, the
first pro-Filipino
nationalistic newspaper
with Carlos P. Romulo,
as one of its early
editors.
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Philippine Publicity Service,
the first Advertising agency was
founded by the Americans in 1921.
This was followed by the Philippine
Agency Service Company. Both ad
agencies served as clearing houses
for advertisements coming from
the US. |
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1920s, Origin of Radio Broadcasting
in the Philippines
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Most significant of the American
era was the birth of Philippine
radio in 1922. A 50-watt radio
stations in Manila and Pasay was
put up by Henry Hermann in June
1922. Americans owned most of
the pre-World War II stations,
which employed mostly Americans
as their announcing staff; language
used is English; programming included
entertainment and news. Radio
became mainly an entertainment
medium and was readily accepted
by the public. Its profitability
was recognized by local businessmen
and led them to set up their own
stations as channels for advertising
their products/services.
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In 1924, KZKZ radio operating
at 100-watts replaced the
radio stations established
earlier by Henry Hermann.
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1924, letter "K"
was assigned to broadcasting stations
in the Philippines in accordance
with United States laws applicable
to the country which was then
an American colony. |
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1926
- 1940 |
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1929,
KZRC opened in Cebu and introduced
radio in the province. It was
however closed down since relay
signals were unsuccessful between
Manila and Cebu. It was reopened
a decade and later went fearlessly
broadcasting on the side of
the guerilla movemen |
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KZRC-Cebu, introduced radio in
the provinces in 1929. |
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Philippine Advertising Bureau,
the first Filipino-owned ad
agency was founded by Florentino
Garriz in 1929.
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Vodavil, the popular pure
entertainment stage performance
came to life in the early
1930's. It was said to be
"escapist, helping people
skirt the trauma of U.S. 'manifest
destiny' in the Pacific, forget
the drudgery of daily living
and survive the tremors of
American depression.
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1930, Radio gradually left the
experimental stage and was becoming
a dependable medium.
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In 1931, Radio Control Law was
promulgated paving the way for
the creation of the Radio Control
Board that lasted until 1972.
Before World War II. six leading
Manila-based commercial radio
stations were put up: KZRM,
KZRF, KZIB, KZEG, KZRH. |
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Norman Reyes anchored Voice
of Freedom. During the fall
of Bataan, Norman was known
for his stirring broadcasts
which demonstrated what radio
can do in keeping up the morale
of the Filipino people...Gen
Wainwright announced
the surrender of Corregidor.
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